AI Basics and Administrative Applications
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Key points
- Generative AI creates new content; an LLM predicts the next word
- A prompt is the instruction given to the tool
- Hallucination means confident but false output, such as an invented rule number
- Transcription is speech to text; text-to-speech is the reverse
- Translation changes the language; OCR converts a scan into editable text
- Extractive summaries copy sentences; abstractive summaries rewrite them
- BHASHINI is under MeitY; IndiaAI Mission was approved in March 2024
On this page
Key terms
| Term | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Artificial Intelligence | Machines performing tasks that need human-like intelligence, such as understanding language or translating |
| Generative AI | AI that creates new text, images or audio |
| LLM | Large Language Model, trained on vast text, which produces output by predicting the next word |
| Prompt | The instruction or question given to an AI tool |
| Hallucination | Output that sounds confident and plausible but is false or invented |
| NLP | Natural Language Processing, the field concerned with machines understanding human language |
| Knowledge cut-off | The date at which the training data of a model ends, so later amendments may be unknown to it |
| Token | The piece of a word that an LLM actually processes |
Key point
A hallucination is not a crash or a refusal. It is a fluent, confident answer that happens to be wrong, such as a rule number or an order date that does not exist.
Four main uses in an office
| Task | AI capability | Caution |
|---|---|---|
| First draft of a routine letter or circular | Drafting assistant | Verify every rule, date and figure; the officer signs and is responsible |
| One-page brief of a long report | Summarisation | A summary can drop a key condition, so read the original before deciding |
| Kannada and English circulars | Machine translation | Legal and technical terms need review by a bilingual person |
| Minutes from a recorded meeting | Transcription, that is speech to text | Take consent from participants and correct names and figures |
Related but different
- Transcription or ASR turns speech into text.
- Text-to-speech does the reverse, turning text into speech.
- Translation changes the language, not the medium.
- OCR turns a scanned document into editable text.
Two kinds of summary
- Extractive: selects and joins sentences from the original.
- Abstractive: rewrites the content in new sentences. LLMs usually work this way, which is why the meaning can shift and the original must be checked.
Indian initiatives
- BHASHINI, Bhasha Interface for India, is the National Language Translation Mission under MeitY, offering translation and speech services in Indian languages.
- IndiaAI Mission is the national AI programme approved by the Union Cabinet in March 2024. Verify current details against the latest official announcements.
Exam tip
BHASHINI sits under MeitY, not the Ministry of Education. Because the subject is language, candidates often pick Education or Culture by mistake.
Practice questions
Answer all, then check. Explanations appear after checking.
Finished this topic? Tick it off.
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